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Significant Krakow Dates 

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Most Important Dates in the History of Krakow

8th century – Wislanie tribe set up their state with Krakow as its capital

999 – Krakow province incorporated into the House of Piasts’ realm

1000 – Krakow got its own bishop

1038 – King Casimir I the Renovator moved Poland’s capital to Krakow

1241 – Krakow demolished by Mongols

1257 – Duke Boleslaw the Shy endowed Krakow with self-government and trade privileges

1311 – mutiny of Krakow burghers mercilessly squashed by Prince Vladislav the Short

1320 – coronation of King Vladislav I the Short, first such event in Krakow’s Wawel Cathedral

1335 – King Casmir III the Great founded his brand-new city of Kazimierz near Krakow

1364 – King Casmir III the Great founded the Krakow university

1364 – Krakow summit of European monarchs

 

1386 – Krakow wedding of Poland’s queen Jadwiga and Lithuania’s grand duke Jagiello paves the way to the union of the two nations

1400 – renewal of the Krakow university thanks to the legacy of the Saint Queen Jadwiga

1447 – the beginning of the 45-year reign of King Casimir IV that make Poland one of the greatest European powers

1489 – Veit Stoss finished his stunning altarpiece for Krakow’s basilica of Virgin Mary's

1500 – start of the Renaissance renovation of the Wawel Royal Castle

Zygmunt Bell of the Krakow Cathedral
Jan Matejko painting of 1874 depicts the famous Zygmunt
bell being raised to the belfry of the Krakow cathedral in 1521.

1558 – regular mail-coach connection established between Krakow and Venice

1525 – the first prince of newly born Prussia paid homage to Poland’s King Sigismund I the Old on Krakow’s Grand Square (see picture above)

1574 – Henry I Valois, the first of Poland’s elective kings, ran away from Krakow after a 4-month reign to become France’s Henry III in Paris

1587 – Maximillian Hapsburg’s failed 6-week siege of Krakow made him drop his bid for the Polish throne

1609 – King Sigismund III Vasa moved his residence to Warsaw

1655 – Swedish army captured and devastated Krakow

1683 – King John III Sobieski led his Polish army from Krakow to Vienna, won it from besieging Turks, saved Christian Europe, and brought back booty now displayed in Krakow museums

1702-11 – Krakow was being captured and recaptured, on and on, and thus ruined by Swedish, German, Polish and Russian troops in the course of the Northern War

1734 – coronation of King August III, the last one in Krakow’s Wawel Cathedral

1768 – Krakow became a center of the first Polish uprising suppressed by Russian troops

1772-78 – Russian occupation of Krakow

1791 – Krakow enlarged by two adjacent towns, Kazimierz and Kleparz, plus settlements around the city

1793 – another Russian occupation of Krakow

1794 – Krakow was the center of national uprising led by Thaddeus Kosciuszko

1794 – Prussian army captured Krakow and stole Poland’s regalia that have been lost forever

1796-1809 – Austrians occupied Krakow

1809 – Krakow incorporated into the Duchy of Warsaw under the sway of France’s Napoleon I

1813-15 – another Russian occupation of Krakow

1815 – the Congress of Vienna created a tiny, independent Republic of Krakow

1816 – Krakow Scientific Society was launched, turned the Science Academy in 1872

1844 – construction of the Krakow-Myslowice railway

1846 – 9-day Krakow Revolution and subsequent Austrian annexation of the Krakow Republic

1848 – Second Krakow Revolution, Austrian bombardment of the city

1850 – 10-day fierce fire destroyed a quarter of Krakow

1866 – Vienna let Krakow to enjoy municipal self-government

1879 – Krakow National Museum, Poland’s best collection of art, was launched

1883 – a pair of Krakow’s university professors, Karol Olszewski and Zygmunt Wroblewski, achieved first ever liquefaction of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide

1884 – Krakow got its first telephone lines

1893 – Krakow’s renowned city theater moves to its brand-new, state-of-the-art building

1901 – Krakow got electric tramway (a year ahead of Vienna)

1910 – Krakow’s rapid territorial expansion began

1912 – Krakow’s first movie house opens

1914 – Polish Legions, a nucleus of future Polish army, were formed in Krakow by Jozef Pilsudski, Poland’s future head of state

1918 – Krakow was the first piece of the reborn free Poland when Polish authorities took control of the city by the end of October

1926 – the Krakow radio station went on air

1939 – the nazi Third Reich and the communist Soviet Union divided Poland between them and the former set up so called General Governorship with Krakow as its capital city. 

1942 – the German authorities set up Plaszow concentration camp in Krakow.

1943 – the nazis definitively liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Krakow on March 14th. 

1945 – the Soviet Red Army captured Krakow in January

1949 – giant steelworks built near Krakow with the adjoining Nowa Huta residential district

1979 – Krakow archbishop Karol Wojtyla became Pope John Paul II and visited his native city

1980 - workers went on strike at the Nowa Huta steelworks, which helped to start the Solidarity trade union

1989 – collapse of communism in Poland

1991 – the first democratic elections to the local government since 1939

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